Similarly, Margo Selby crafted a very large, vibrant 16m textile installation titled ‘moon landing’ based on the work of Navajo women who wove the integrated computer circuits and memory cores that enabled the 1969 moon landing. Until recently it was on display at Canterbury Cathedral. It is accompanied by a musical composition for strings by Helen Caddick.
What fascinating glimpse at a part of history that I had no clue about. The main reason Navajo (and other nations) native Americans figured in my 'history of the world' so far was the WWII era communications saga.
Back in the 1980s2H there was a brief fashion trend of woollen knit sweaters with IC mask type patterns. Guessing related to designers playing around with design software and knitting tech made possible by microprocessor revolution.
BobbyTables2 19 hours ago [-]
We’ve come full circle - knitting tech was the basis for early computing machines!
vishnugupta 17 hours ago [-]
Jacquard loom!
cellarmation 15 hours ago [-]
Yes, and early core memory was also woven by hand. I am not sure if this was just for core rope memory, or if it was more widespread than that.
kens 5 hours ago [-]
Early core memories were woven by hand, but IBM rapidly automated the process. (Since most computers from the 1950s to early 1970s used core memory, there was a lot of demand.) However, IBM later found that it was cheaper to have the memories assembled by hand in Asia. For detailed information on core memory, see the book "Memories That Shaped an Industry".
Core rope is different from core memory and much rarer. Core rope is essentially ROM, using much larger cores with wires going through or around a core, storing 192 bits per core. Core ropes were hand-woven (with machine guidance) for the Apollo Guidance Computer.
segfault99 13 hours ago [-]
December/January 1987 I was doing a vacation EE internship in a power station in Australia. Some of the Hitachi mini computers still used core RAM. This was in an all Hitachi Heavy Industries turnkey coal-fired power station commissioned ca. 1985. Pretty sure they had a reference design from boilers and turbines right down to the hardware and software level and kind of cookie cutter stamped out power stations from it. The Hitachi engineering attitude was obviously "If it works, keep doing it the same way for as long as possible". I was told that for some software (firmware?) updates, they'd simply ship out a new core RAM module -- It's non-volatile after all.
indigodiddy 15 hours ago [-]
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djmips 23 hours ago [-]
This is how we pass our chip designs to our descendents so they may rebuild civlization.
Imagining an ancient theological order with ranks based on color coding...
rolph 3 hours ago [-]
that could easily pervert to racial castes, but get the cargo-cult vibe, of trying to induce the "benign ones" to come back
kens 24 hours ago [-]
Author here if anyone has questions...
amelius 23 hours ago [-]
Yes, my question is: did the weaver have any questions?
kens 21 hours ago [-]
Marilou Schultz asked me to suggest some chips that would make good weavings, and I suggested the 555, among other chips. She also had questions about the different colors and textures in the chip. She notices a lot more about the colors than I do; I look at a chip in terms of functionality and connectivity and don't pay attention to the colors.
mark-r 8 hours ago [-]
Speaking of colors, you mentioned the significance of the purple/lavender in the weaving. But I don't see any in the pictures! What am I missing?
kens 5 hours ago [-]
I haven't seen the weaving in person; I think the colors don't come through clearly in the photo. From talking with the weaver, the lavender is apparently in the metal regions.
SecretDreams 20 hours ago [-]
Cost for a piece like this? It's striking!
kens 19 hours ago [-]
I don't know the cost of her weavings. They are very time-consuming to create, so I hope she charges a good price.
brabel 15 hours ago [-]
This piece would be very enticing for a tech billionaire.
sophacles 23 hours ago [-]
Any question I have starts with "tell me a lot about the Navajo people"... so no questions for here. Just want to say: good article.
kens 21 hours ago [-]
I went into a lot more of the Navajo history in my previous article [1] so I didn't repeat it in the new article. The quick summary is that the Navajo suffered a century of oppression, were forced off their land in the Long Walk, and had their sheep slaughtered in the 1930s in the Navajo Livestock Reduction. In the 1960s, the Navajo had 65% unemployment, $300 per capita income, and lacked basic infrastructure. Various groups looked to industrialization as a solution, so Fairchild opened an IC manufacturing facility on Navajo land in 1965, employing 1200 Navajo workers and becoming the nation's largest non-government employer of American Indians. The plant was generally considered a success, but in 1975, Fairchild had business problems and laid off 140 Navajo employees. Things went downhill and a radical group, AIM (American Indian Movement), took over the plant with rifles. The armed occupation ended peacefully after a week, but Fairchild closed the plant and moved production to Asia.
Just to be clear since "oppression" is a very broad term: the Navajo (and most other Native American tribes) are victims of genocide. It was a far, far, far more systematic destruction effort than mere marginalization.
Children were stolen, forbidden from learning their native language, killed en masse, food supplies were destroyed, land was continuously taken from them the second anything valuable was discovered on it, etc. etc.
It's really horrific stuff and the effects are still extremely clear on the reservations today.
sophacles 21 hours ago [-]
Oh wow, thanks for the info!
rolph 2 hours ago [-]
between navajo, and the northernmost south american migrations [i.e. Aztec]
it appears northam was colonized thousands of years before anybody else even knew, let alone cared for it.
Delightful crossover: silicon layout turned into textile logic. The 555 is perfect for this—bold pinout, big blocks (comparators + RS latch), and routing that reads from a distance. Add a tiny legend and it’s a great teaching piece.
crucialfelix 13 hours ago [-]
I saw her work at MoMA, loved it. She's 70? That's even more awesome.
swayvil 2 hours ago [-]
That's a pretty darn cool looking thing.
Funny how, guided by pure mechanical necessity, pretty stuff can arise.
I've always thought that clockwork, chips and other machines were pretty.
The 555 timer is iconic. Just iconic. I wonder how many billions of them have been shipped over the years?
ajxs 18 hours ago [-]
It's really fortunate that the history of the 555 timer is really well documented. Its inventor, Hans Camenzind, wrote several books, and even had a Youtube channel in his later years[1]. It's a shame that so many iconic chips that have changed the world aren't so well documented. I went down a real rabbithole a while ago trying to find in-depth information about the Hitachi HD44780. I couldn't even decisively pin down exactly what year it was first manufactured. It's interesting to think of microchip designs as a kind of artistic legacy: Chips like the 555 have had an enormous impact on modern history.
That 1981 document says "preliminary", which suggests very limited trial production. Even the 1985 reference I found is "advance". First tape-out may have been earlier than that. Have you tried asking Hitachi (apparently now Renesas) about it? It's more likely that this information is available on the Japanese part of the internet.
Saw an exhibit with some of her work, I think in Albuquerque. Was surprised/delighted to see weavings of circuits.
IIAOPSW 23 hours ago [-]
This is so cool. So if they used twists of steel wires or similar as string for the white parts, they could have a functional circuit.
xvedejas 23 hours ago [-]
They'd still need the electrical components, such as the transistors and passive components
kogasa240p 20 hours ago [-]
Very cool art piece!
tug2024 19 hours ago [-]
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zem 21 hours ago [-]
alan dean foster's "cyber way" is a somewhat thematic sf novel
charcircuit 22 hours ago [-]
The continued popularity of this chip confuses me. I don't understand why it didn't get forgotten decades ago as microcontrollers became common place. Though compared to the Pentium talking on older designs is likely faster to make, so I wonder if he markets himself to an older audience who is nostalgic for these ancient chips.
artyom 21 hours ago [-]
You may be right about nostalgic reasons, but as a freshman during the emergence of microcontrollers, I've asked the same question to and old professor, in the sense of "why discrete digital electronics is still widely used?".
His response still resonates with me today: a military grade 555 would work in extreme conditions (e.g. heat), would last pretty much forever, would consume virtually no power, and will still cost you a penny.
Sometimes that's exactly what you need. Reliability, durability and cost trumps the power of programmability.
adrian_b 4 hours ago [-]
The original bipolar variant of NE555 is likely to have a lifetime of many decades, if not more than a hundred years, even when operated continuously in harsh environments.
A modern CMOS microcontroller has a much more limited lifetime. Depending on model, you can hope for 10 years or 20 years, but not much more than that because very small MOS transistors and flash memory cells eventually die, unlike the more robust bipolar ICs (whose active regions are buried in the semiconductor crystal, not located at its surface, like in MOS devices).
segfault99 19 hours ago [-]
The world would be a much sadder, drearier place without the 555. That's the nostalgia part out of the way.
Really it's such a useful almost universal lego block of a component that it's hard to imagine it going away anytime soon. Sure microcontrollers are as cheap as chips these days, but you get a lot more with them. Do I need to say that sometimes more is less? Can think of scenarios where you absolutely don't want to see a chip containing firmware/code which needs auditing and locking down.
snickerbockers 21 hours ago [-]
Well even if we assume there's a suitable 8-pin microcontroller which doesn't cost more than the 555, merely loading the firmware onto the microcontroller is going to add significant cost and complexity to the manufacturing stage. Also the microcontroller would be far more sensitive to power supply inadequacies because its state consists of much more than a capacitor and a flipflop.
moron4hire 21 hours ago [-]
Because it's fun and there are many readily available DIY designs that use it.
segfault99 19 hours ago [-]
Back in the day you'd go into an electronics store and there'd be books containing just 555 circuit recipes. Not to mention the magazine articles.
And every EE student back when we tied onions to our belts must have had a lab assignment to spec out a PLL using 555 and bits and bobs and then measure transient responses, temperature stability, etc.
fnord77 7 hours ago [-]
be cool if the creator used semi-conducting threads and it actually worked
manoDev 23 hours ago [-]
This is the kind of thing that can start conspiracy theories of time travelers :)
sho_hn 23 hours ago [-]
My immediate thought was "Nazca lines of a 555? Yes".
I demand to know what that construction of aluminium extrusions is. They're my pet material.
sho_hn 12 hours ago [-]
A spider bot with the legs folded up :)
19 hours ago [-]
curtisszmania 8 hours ago [-]
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Pocomon 21 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
Sanzig 21 hours ago [-]
How is this cultural appropriation? The artist is Navajo.
Pocomon 3 hours ago [-]
$ChatGPT: The phrase "Where's the uproar over the cultural appropriation :o" was likely a rhetorical or sarcastic question meant to contrast with the actual situation, where no controversy or uproar exists because Marilou Schultz is a member of the Navajo community creating work that authentically represents her culture.
Similarly, Margo Selby crafted a very large, vibrant 16m textile installation titled ‘moon landing’ based on the work of Navajo women who wove the integrated computer circuits and memory cores that enabled the 1969 moon landing. Until recently it was on display at Canterbury Cathedral. It is accompanied by a musical composition for strings by Helen Caddick.
https://www.margoselby.com/pages/moon-landing
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/american-indi...
Core rope is different from core memory and much rarer. Core rope is essentially ROM, using much larger cores with wires going through or around a core, storing 192 bits per core. Core ropes were hand-woven (with machine guidance) for the Apollo Guidance Computer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Canticle_for_Leibowitz
[1] https://www.righto.com/2024/08/pentium-navajo-fairchild-ship...
Children were stolen, forbidden from learning their native language, killed en masse, food supplies were destroyed, land was continuously taken from them the second anything valuable was discovered on it, etc. etc.
It's really horrific stuff and the effects are still extremely clear on the reservations today.
it appears northam was colonized thousands of years before anybody else even knew, let alone cared for it.
Funny how, guided by pure mechanical necessity, pretty stuff can arise.
I've always thought that clockwork, chips and other machines were pretty.
And fractals. ( https://fleen.org/i40.png ) And plants and animals too. And weathered rock.
Which leads me to consider what isn't pretty. Naivety?
1: https://www.youtube.com/@hcamen
Likely 1985.
https://www.crystalfontz.com/blog/look-back-tech-history-hd4...
It's also referenced in this catalog from 1982: https://bitsavers.org/components/hitachi/_dataBooks/1982_Hit...
Likely the first year of manufacture was 1981/82.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC
His response still resonates with me today: a military grade 555 would work in extreme conditions (e.g. heat), would last pretty much forever, would consume virtually no power, and will still cost you a penny.
Sometimes that's exactly what you need. Reliability, durability and cost trumps the power of programmability.
A modern CMOS microcontroller has a much more limited lifetime. Depending on model, you can hope for 10 years or 20 years, but not much more than that because very small MOS transistors and flash memory cells eventually die, unlike the more robust bipolar ICs (whose active regions are buried in the semiconductor crystal, not located at its surface, like in MOS devices).
Really it's such a useful almost universal lego block of a component that it's hard to imagine it going away anytime soon. Sure microcontrollers are as cheap as chips these days, but you get a lot more with them. Do I need to say that sometimes more is less? Can think of scenarios where you absolutely don't want to see a chip containing firmware/code which needs auditing and locking down.
And every EE student back when we tied onions to our belts must have had a lab assignment to spec out a PLL using 555 and bits and bobs and then measure transient responses, temperature stability, etc.
I have a Displate of a 555 in my little maker corner someone gifted me once: https://eikehein.com/assets/images/makercorner.jpg